Latest Publications

In the final year of World War I, The Supreme Allied Commander was the French Marshal Ferdinand Foch, who is generally considered as the military leader most responsible for the Allied victory in the conflict. He was a disciple of the Napoleon school of military thought, was sometimes compared to the famous French military genius and upon his death was buried next to Napoleon himself at Les Invalides in Paris.

After more than two and a half years of war, Putin’s military had been consuming artillery rounds and other materiel at a rate that was well above the normal production tempo of Russia’s domestic ammunition suppliers.

By pushing for a rushed peace in Ukraine, the U.S. administration risks stabilizing the Russian regime and undermining Western credibility, security, and leverage for years to come.

The war in Ukraine has destroyed a significant portion of the country's energy infrastructure, and although Ukrainian services are constantly repairing the damage, access to components that can replace the damaged infrastructure is drastically decreasing. This report analyzes the possibilities of cooperation between Poland and Ukraine in utilizing components of Polish coal-fired power units and coal resources to compensate for lost capacity.

The ORKA program, along with other technical modernization efforts, should not be viewed merely as an initiative to acquire modern submarines for the Polish Navy. It also represents a unique opportunity to revitalize Poland’s industrial base. This paper—the concluding entry in a series of analyses examining the ORKA program—shifts focus from hardware specifications and strategic imperatives to the institutional and technological implications for domestic shipbuilding.

The publication by the Government of the Republic of Poland of the new Migration Strategy for 2025–2030 (hereinafter referred to as the Migration Strategy), adopted by the Council of Ministers' resolution of October 15, 2024, is no coincidence that it occurred six months after the European Union adopted a set of nine legal acts known as the Pact on Migration and Asylum. Poland opposed many of the proposed legal acts within the Pact both during the negotiations (2020–2023) and remains opposed to them after their adoption by a qualified majority in the Council of the EU.

The publication by the Government of the Republic of Poland of a new Migration Strategy for 2025–2030 (hereinafter: Migration Strategy), adopted by a resolution of the Council of Ministers on October 15, 2024, not coincidentally came six months after the European Union adopted a set of 9 legal acts appearing under the name of the European Union Pact on Migration and Asylum. Poland opposed many of the Pact’s proposed legal acts at the stage of negotiations (2020–2023) and remains opposed to them after their adoption by a qualified majority in the EU Council.

Plans to restart nuclear power plants scheduled for demolition have sparked a new trend in the US nuclear power industry. Technically sound, long-lived nuclear power plants are being officially decommissioned and then subjected to extensive safety analysis and modernization for their restart. The analysis and modernization work is financed in part by loans provided by federal authorities, and guarantees of success are provided by long-term contracts for the sale of electricity.

Satoshi Nakamoto introduced a revolutionary payment system in 2008, allowing direct transactions between two parties without the need for intermediaries such as banks. Although the system has gained lasting popularity, not all of its creator’s assumptions have been preserved. The crypto market began to be monitored not only by central banks, but also by other regulators responsible for enforcing consumer rights and regulations to ensure financial market stability.

Given Poland's fundamental role in the defense of NATO's eastern flank, the new submarines will help secure key trade and communication routes, as well as Poland's strategic interests in the Baltic Sea.

If Russian forces continue to develop in such a manner and start applying similar philosophy to larger formations they could become a much more cohesive and effective fighting force with advanced battle tactics and access to vast amounts of men and resources to execute them.

Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine on 24th February, 2022 Poland has become a new frontline state and the most important hub of military, economic and humanitarian aid for Ukraine. 

Ukraine’s Armed Forces have been battling the Russian invasion on land, at sea, in the air and in cyberspace since February 24 2022. Despite the disparity of forces that is obvious to all analysts, Ukraine did not collapse in the first weeks of the war, and over time has even been tempted to regain some of the territories lost in the initial phases of the conflict.

On February 24, 2022, Russia extended its armed aggression against Ukraine, unleashed in 2014 with the illegal annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, and with the temporary occupation of certain areas of Donetsk and Luhansk regions.

The maritime environment has invariably remained a key facilitator in all kinds of globalisation processes for hundreds of years. Humanity has entered a new level of development of socio-cultural, economic, political and military relations because of the possibility of efficient use of waterways.

NATO was founded as an organisation bringing together twelve countries, eleven of which had direct access to the sea, most of which being strongly sea-oriented. This maritime orientation is, with the North Atlantic as its geographical centre, also reflected in the alliance’s name (North Atlantic Treaty Organisation). However, over time (mainly after the end of the Cold War), its structure has changed significantly with the welcoming of numerous countries from Central and Eastern Europe. Still, not least due to its transatlantic nature, large parts of the Alliance’s activities remain focused on the maritime domain.

We, the representatives of the Casimir Pulaski Foundation, the Antall József Knowledge Centre, EUROPEUM Institute for European Policy and  the Slovak Security Policy Institute; have the privilege of presenting to you a special report, wtitten by sixteen   senior defence experts and entitled “The V4 towards a new NATO Strategic Concept and the EU Strategic Compass”. The document is a summaryof  a broader project entitled: “Returning to the roots of the Visegrad cooperation – coordinating V4 strategy towards NATO Strategic Concept and European defence autonomy” that is supported by the International Visegrad Fund.

In any economic analysis of Nord Stream 2 the first question to be considered is the actual cost of the project. Over the last couple of years, a variety of publications have provided widely differing cost projections. The recent data suggest that Nord Stream 2 capital investment will reach €9,5-10 billion.

At the Warsaw Security Forum 2018 the Casimir Pulaski Foundation presented three new reports: „European offensive in defense sphere – EDF, PESCO and CARD”, „From Newport to Brussels – NATO adaptation to the Russian threat” and „Balance Sheet of U.S. Allies and Implication for Alliance Policy”. All reports are available on the Pulaski Foundations websites.

According to the National Security Strategy (NSS) of the Trump administration published in December 2017, today’s world is getting more competitive. The US and its allies are facing growing political, economic, and military competitions around the world. Two revisionist states, China and Russia, are challenging US prosperity and superiority as well as the liberal international order. The NSS also pointed out that strong relationships with allies are invaluable in order for the US to magnify its power and respond to the growing political, economic, and military competitions.

Second half of May 2026 was a busy time in Asian diplomacy

Todays near standoff between the Philippines and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the Scarborough Shoal is a reminder that over time foreign policy mistakes only expand in their complexity and negative implications.

Away from the deadlines reporting on the US-Israeli war with Iran (now in a hiatus phase), another, concurrent armed conflict has been taking place, expanding in both geographic scope and intensity, namely the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. Hezbollah launched projectiles on 1st March into Haifa (all of which were intercepted) as revenge for the killing of Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. The Israeli responded with a rocket barrage ultimately targeting 50 villages south of the Litani River and southern Beirut (evacuation orders were sent last minute to the Lebanese civilian population), followed by a ground assault. This event marked the outbreak of the seventh armed conflict between Israel and Lebanon since the establishment of the State of Israel

Cheng Li-wun, Kuomintang’s (KMT – current Taiwanese opposition) leader, just concluded her April 7-12 visit to People’s Republic of China.

António Guterres is finishing his ten-year tenure in a world that barely resembles the one the UN was built for. Peace negotiations happen without the organization. Conflicts are managed outside the Security Council. Alternative frameworks are displacing institutions.

Energy security in the Arctic constitutes a multifaceted phenomenon, encompassing a wide array of concerns, including political, security, socio-economic, technological and identity dimensions. It involves questions of land ownership, the rights of stakeholders, pristine nature, and re-industrialisation delineated through green technologies.

Despite continuing to frame itself in great-power terms, Russia is gradually losing the capacity to perform the systemic functions that for decades made it an indispensable actor in the international order.

The Baltic Sea, as a strategic body of water, requires special attention in offshore infrastructure protection.

The European Commission estimates that 200,000 additional women will need to join the energy sector by 2050 to achieve basic gender balance, key to accelerating the clean energy transition.

Gender equality in space is not just about justice; it is crucial for progress and innovation.

Gender equality is a core value of the EU’s social model, and investing wisely for achieving this target will have a consistent impact in assuring European competitiveness.

The PRC’s Communist Party General Secretary Xi Jinping has amassed more power than anyone since Mao, but is it a viable model for his nation’s future? He has demolished the leadership model established by Deng Xiaoping, but what has he replaced it with?

Poland is rapidly increasing the size and capability of its Armed Forces. Uniformed personnel are one part of a Whole Force mix. Commander-led action will be needed urgently to turn the rhetoric of the ‘Whole Force’[1] into a military/industry reality

Navigating between the desire to join the European Union but not recognising Kosovo and not joining the sanctions against Russia, Aleksandar Vučić appears to be the choice of the majority of Serbs.

Time will of course show how events will unfold. Top priority is still about choosing the best candidate for the job – it trumps all other considerations. But I remain convinced that all 31 Allied governments have an interest in seriously considering a qualified (condition sine qua non) candidate from a CEE country.

At the end of the day, there is much that the international community should and can do to help. Strong political, geopolitical, economic, and moral reasons exist for offering it. But it is equally true that Armenia must first help itself.

United Nations Security Council Resolution No. 1325, adopted unanimously on October 31, 2000, revolutionized peace and security efforts