“Pulaski Policy Papers” is a series of publications that focus on issues of great importance to Poland’s safety and stability, such as: global economy, Poland’s foreign policy and the political situation in Central and Eastern Europe.
The editor-in-chief of the Pulaski Policy Papers is Mr. Tomasz Smura (tsmura@pulaski.pl).
Published: January 7, 2025
The fall of al-Assad's rule and the takeover of control over most of Syria by Sunni extremists hostile to Iran is therefore an irreversible end to Iran's flagship geopolitical project.
Published: November 26, 2024
EU and Ukraine's collaboration enhances security for both, with joint ventures driving technological advances and aligning Ukraine's defence standards with NATO.
Published: November 21, 2024
For every €1 invested in renewables, there is a return of €3 to €8—making RES one of the most lucrative public investments for CEE countries.
Published: November 20, 2024
In highly industrialized CEE countries, there is widespread fear of job loss due to decarbonization and public anxiety over potential economic hardships.
Published: November 19, 2024
Published: November 13, 2024
Belarus and Russia have used migration as a geopolitical weapon, testing EU and NATO defenses while amplifying societal division and exploiting human rights concerns.
Published: October 28, 2024
Hungarian society's negative view of Ukraine stems from top-down disinformation by Russia and Hungary's government, exacerbating fear and eroding empathy.
Published: October 23, 2024
Cyber threats in CEE target critical infrastructure and public trust, making a comprehensive defence strategy essential.
Published: October 22, 2024
With the upcoming 2024 U.S. elections, the next administration faces a crucial opportunity to reshape American foreign policy in the Black Sea region.
Published: October 21, 2024
2025 – the year in which we mark a decade since the establishment of the Three Seas Initiative.
Published: September 26, 2024
W Pakcie dla Przyszłości dostrzega się potrzebę zwiększenia liczby przedstawicieli Afryki, Azji-Pacyfiku i Ameryki Łacińskiej w Radzie Bezpieczeństwa, aby była bardziej reprezentatywna i inkluzywna.
Published: July 1, 2024
The Russian-Ukrainian war should instigate the change processes not only in the area of acquiring equipment and building integrated command systems but also in a faster implementation of the MC philosophy, using the Ukrainian experience, but also the Western, where the MC is implemented for two decades.
Published: March 20, 2024
All tools of cooperation and pressure will only have a practical impact if EU countries reach a single position. Given the current situation, this is challenging to achieve, so the solution would be to find other forms of satisfactory cooperation.
Published: March 14, 2024
The only way to avoid an escalation of the war on Lebanon’s territory and to prevent its destruction is to pressure Israel to terminate its plans to invade Lebanon, occupy parts of Lebanon’s territory, and to seriously extend the range and scope of air attacks.
Published: February 16, 2024
Russia is using the BRICS chairmanship to its own advantage and to counter isolation. By increasing cooperation within BRICS, Russia seeks to expand its influence and strengthen its position as an important player in global politics.
Published: January 30, 2024
The only durable solution for stability in the region is a political resolution to both Palestinian and Yemeni conflicts.
Published: January 12, 2024
The most likely scenario in cross-strait relations after the elections is the maintenance of the status quo with varying degrees of pressure on the island, depending on the final result. However, the possibility of Beijing using the elections as a pretext for escalation to force the Taipei government into reunification talks cannot be ruled out.
Published: December 12, 2023
The government will have to act under social pressure, taking into account measures to prevent energy poverty, but at the same time strengthening market mechanisms.
Published: October 27, 2023
The failed rebellion of the Wagner Group troops against the Kremlin authorities on June 24 this year also had quite unexpected repercussions in Libya, a place far away from Russia.
Published: October 6, 2023
People in Afghanistan continue to suffer under severe rules of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (IEA), as the Taliban consolidates its power over the whole country
Published: September 8, 2023
The Russian large scale invasion against Ukraine on 24th February 2022 provoked a debate in Germany on the relations with China, which had become increasingly problematic over the past decade.
Published: August 30, 2023
The US-China relationship appears to be becoming increasingly confrontational, with the Biden administration largely continuing the line adopted by Donald Trump.
Published: August 25, 2023
The understanding of close links between foreign and energy policy was first reflected in the Russian Federation’s 2003 Energy Strategy.
Published: July 8, 2023
NATO used to hold its heads of state and government meetings (summits) every few years. Now, due to the extraordinary challenging security situation (the ongoing war in Europe, the biggest since 1945) suach gatherings take place de facto every year.
Published: July 4, 2023
The strategic significance of the South China Sea is primarily attributed to its geographical location, rendering it one of the world's busiest and most strategically important shipping routes.
Published: June 27, 2023
In recent times, Saudi Arabia - a longstanding strategic partner of the United States - has embarked on a new course in its foreign policy. Riyadh has intensified cooperation with China and drawn closer to the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Now, the House of Saud is signaling readiness to join the anti-Western BRICS bloc.
Published: June 26, 2023
Since the outbreak of Russia’s large scale invasion against Ukraine Poland procured a significant number of military equipment, which should increase the firepower of the Polish Armed Forces. The Polish Armed Forces also have not forgotten about the development of cyberarmy, which was established in 2018 and should be fully operational by 2026. The question is whether Poland has the potential and will to be a significant power in cyberspace?
Published: June 19, 2023
Europe's pursuit of greener energy through the expansion of renewable technologies has led to a growing dependence on raw materials and rare elements that are predominantly produced outside its borders, notably in China and other countries. This reliance on external sources introduces complexities and challenges to the region's energy transition.
Published: June 16, 2023
One of the somewhat unexpected (but highly welcome), consequences of the barbaric war waged by Russia against Ukraine and Moscow’s open confrontation with the West, has been a commendable show of unity not just from NATO, but also the European Union (EU).
Published: June 7, 2023
Turkish elections were not forged but it doesn’t mean that they were free and fair. High turnout could suggest that the main winner was democracy but this is not the case.
Published: May 23, 2023
Despite mounting pressure, South Korea remains unwilling to provide military assistance to Ukraine. This stance is rooted not only in Seoul's longstanding policy of refraining from supplying arms to nations engaged in active conflict, but also in the highly sensitive security situation in the region.
Published: May 22, 2023
During the early stages of the war, some were worried that Russia's aggression against Ukraine could lead to a similar attack on Taiwan by China. This argument was not unfounded, as a quick Russian victory could embolden China to launch an attack on Taiwan, while a prolonged conflict in Europe could prevent the United States from deploying more forces to the Indo-Pacific.
Published: May 19, 2023
Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) needs to become an attentive listener if its countries want to advocate for its interests more effectively. With the war in Ukraine ongoing and the challenge of the country’s reconstruction looming on the horizon, the regional decision-makers have to show more understanding of the challenges faced by their partners in other parts of the continent. They also need to embark on the path to resolve bilateral disputes with the EU institutions and major EU Member States to increase the region’s credibility at international level in the times of changing global security landscape.
Published: May 18, 2023
As China gained more influence in terms of its economic power, the political ambitions of Beijing have dramatically grown. These tendencies are reminiscent of the continuing centralization of authority that commenced subsequent to the 19th Party Congress in 2017.
Published: May 17, 2023
In March 2023 the US Department of Defense (DoD) presented its budget for the Fiscal Year 2024 (September 2023 – September 2024). As the DoD representatives and the overview of the budget emphasised it is “the most strategy-driven request we’ve ever produced from the Department of Defense.”
Published: April 24, 2023
Recently, the Wagner Group has been on the lips of everyone interested in global conflicts. Its infamous brutal nature attracted international attention when Putin began engaging militants from a Kremlin-linked private army in the war in Ukraine.
Published: April 21, 2023
There is much talk in Europe about Russia’s ability to wage a prolonged war in Ukraine.
Published: April 6, 2023
The 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine has prompted Warsaw and Kyiv to put aside grievances in the name of common security interests.
Published: April 5, 2023
The US’s expansion of its military presence in Southeast Asia is another step taken by the White House to strengthen its position vis-à-vis China in the Indo-Pacific.
Published: March 24, 2023
Following the invasion of Ukraine by Russia, the impetus for a rapid clean energy transition has never been stronger. This position was confirmed by the European Commission’s (EC) REPowerEU initiative, a plan to phase out Europe’s dependence on fossil fuels before 2030 and to increase the resilience of the EU energy system.
Published: March 22, 2023
The Republic of Moldova has received a significant amount of international media and experts’ attention in the past two months. The primary reason is the fear that Russian aggression against Ukraine might spill over into the republic to prevent it from drifting into the West. It is crucial to understand the scale of threats posed to Moldova by the Kremlin’s different scenarios as well as implications for the security situation in Ukraine.
Published: March 17, 2023
On 27th of February President Emmanuel Macron announced a new approach in French policy on Africa, stressing an end of Francafrique. The new policy would be based on the logic of partnership and solidarity instead of logic of interventionism, aid and protectionism.
Published: March 10, 2023
Ukraine is pressing its international partners to begin delivering multirole aircraft. Although such discussions have been ongoing for some time and some MiG-29s were reportedly handed over by Poland, this plan – at least when it comes to Western aircraft – remains unlikely. There is a lack of political will, and concerns related to such move cannot be ignored. Nonetheless, NATO and EU member states still have several options to support Ukraine’s aviation.
Published: March 7, 2023
All societies, countries, organisations, and private individuals functioning in public information space are confronted with the challenge of disinformation.
Published: March 6, 2023
The Russian invasion of Ukraine has brought an unprecedented chance to end the existence of harmful stereotype of Central and Eastern Europe as a region where the Kremlin has special interests.
Published: March 6, 2023
Poland's military procurements, resulting from the growing threat from Russia, are unprecedented in their scale. They provide not only opportunities – Poland can significantly boost its combat capabilities and thus its position within NATO – but also generate serious challenges which cannot be underestimated. Many questions remain unanswered.
Published: February 22, 2023
In a recent development a number of senior UK defence industry officials arrived in Kyiv to discuss plans for a joint venture between the two countries.
Published: February 18, 2023
Most of us remember vividly the 11th September, 2001 – it was the day that changed many peoples’ lives and forced countries and international institutions to adapt their way of life, their priorities and strategies.
Published: February 17, 2023
It will soon be a year since Russia invaded Ukraine. Since February 24, 2022, the question of the position of African states on this conflict remains suspended in space.
Published: February 15, 2023
Natural gas is the cleanest fossil fuel; its CO2 emissions are about half of that of coal and just one-third of brown coal emissions.