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Over the past two decades, the Republic of South Korea (ROK) has undergone a dramatic transformation in defence-industrial design and production. Like most major initiatives historically taken on by the country, it is also a transformation that has taken place in record time.

From its inception, the Port of Gdynia was a state project with significance that extended beyond its transport and trade functions. Its construction in the interwar period was a response to the Second Polish Republic's structural dependence on external factors and constituted a conscious act of sovereignty, in which maritime infrastructure was recognized as a condition for the state's operational independence.

Following the illegal occupation of the Crimean Peninsula in 2014, the Ukrainian navy, which had been underfunded and neglected for decades, found itself on the brink of collapse. Most Ukrainian ships lost their combat capability or were seized by the aggressors, with their crews surrendering as a result of the Russian operation.

Prompted by Russia’s failed attempt to subjugate Kyiv and deepening internal problems, the members of this axis have nonetheless eschewed the establishment of a formal military alliance. Instead, they are engaged in an episodic, escalating and deepening military, economic, and technological cooperation.

The strategy put forward by the Trump administration appears to be strongly ideologically driven. It explicitly criticises the previous administration, as well as the governing elites to date, accusing them of having misdefined US interests.

Following the publication of U.S. and Ukraine-Europe’s proposed frameworks for resolving the Russia–Ukraine conflict in April 2025, and under pressure from Washington on both Kyiv and Moscow, the two sides agreed to launch direct negotiations in Istanbul on 15 May.

Poland is increasingly gaining ground on the European map. Over the past three decades, a vibrant economy has emerged in Poland, with a strong domestic market and powerful global business players. The Polish armed forces are gradually modernizing and—thanks to unprecedented spending on comprehensive armaments programs—have the potential to be a key guarantor of security in Europe.

In late August 2025, US President Donald Trump held a summit in the White House Oval Office with the Republic of Korea (ROK) President, Lee Jae Myung. The encounter was not just an ordinary, regular meeting between the heads of state of the US and the ROK, the country being a long-time valued and stalwart US ally. It was seen by many as a crucial interaction for the recently elected South Korean leader.

In the final year of World War I, The Supreme Allied Commander was the French Marshal Ferdinand Foch, who is generally considered as the military leader most responsible for the Allied victory in the conflict. He was a disciple of the Napoleon school of military thought, was sometimes compared to the famous French military genius and upon his death was buried next to Napoleon himself at Les Invalides in Paris.

After more than two and a half years of war, Putin’s military had been consuming artillery rounds and other materiel at a rate that was well above the normal production tempo of Russia’s domestic ammunition suppliers.

The events of 2022-2024 period have necessitated a transformation of the EU’s approach, shifting its emphasis from normative influence to a geopolitical strategy prioritizing security and regional stability.

Poland’s primary objective is to support Ukraine’s EU accession without risking destabilization by extensive treaty reform, balancing enlargement aspirations with the need for a resilient, cohesive Union.

Positioned as NATO’s strategic buffer, the Bucharest 9 countries are pivotal in navigating the evolving landscape of geopolitical and hybrid threats on the Alliance’s Eastern Flank.

The Weimar Triangle initiative, which had been overlooked for years, has recently seen a resurgence of interest in Warsaw, Paris, and Berlin.

As Poland is going through a long electoral cycle that will end only in the summer of 2025, and Polish society's fatigue with the war in Ukraine is growing, populist moves may hit Ukrainian migrants and refugees in Poland. Tension between Poles and Ukrainians living nearby could weaken social resistance to information and hybrid threats.

The aim of the project Norway and Poland as actors in a changing security landscape (NORPOLFACTOR) is to develop enhanced knowledge of the security-related challenges, risks and threats Poland and Norway face in their strategic environment in the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022.

The large-scale Russian invasion of Ukraine at the beginning of 2022 has surprised many experts and is a consistent, heavy reminder to the European people that war in Europe is not a matter of the past.

China’s assertiveness has been growing on the global stage and has become one of the most significant challenges for the Western world.

Around a decade ago at the Singapore Air Show the executive of a major US defence company told me more than once “my best sales agents are the Chinese. Every time they make a public show of steaming their aircraft carrier out for sea trials or commit another one of their violations of some nation’s territorial waters or build up another one of their artificial islands – that’s when my phone starts ringing. Other nations in the region suddenly want to know how soon they could have some US-made military hardware, especially if they are EDA [Excess Defence Articles].”

Second half of May 2026 was a busy time in Asian diplomacy

Todays near standoff between the Philippines and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) in the Scarborough Shoal is a reminder that over time foreign policy mistakes only expand in their complexity and negative implications.

Away from the deadlines reporting on the US-Israeli war with Iran (now in a hiatus phase), another, concurrent armed conflict has been taking place, expanding in both geographic scope and intensity, namely the Israeli invasion of Lebanon. Hezbollah launched projectiles on 1st March into Haifa (all of which were intercepted) as revenge for the killing of Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei. The Israeli responded with a rocket barrage ultimately targeting 50 villages south of the Litani River and southern Beirut (evacuation orders were sent last minute to the Lebanese civilian population), followed by a ground assault. This event marked the outbreak of the seventh armed conflict between Israel and Lebanon since the establishment of the State of Israel

Cheng Li-wun, Kuomintang’s (KMT – current Taiwanese opposition) leader, just concluded her April 7-12 visit to People’s Republic of China.

António Guterres is finishing his ten-year tenure in a world that barely resembles the one the UN was built for. Peace negotiations happen without the organization. Conflicts are managed outside the Security Council. Alternative frameworks are displacing institutions.

Energy security in the Arctic constitutes a multifaceted phenomenon, encompassing a wide array of concerns, including political, security, socio-economic, technological and identity dimensions. It involves questions of land ownership, the rights of stakeholders, pristine nature, and re-industrialisation delineated through green technologies.

Romania's ambition to be a pillar of Euro-Atlantic stability in the Black Sea region is at risk of unraveling under a presidency defined by MAGA-style nationalism and regional isolationism.

On April 30, 2025, the governments of the United States and Ukraine signed the Agreement on the Establishment of a United States–Ukraine Reconstruction Investment Fund (“Agreement”). While publicly framed as a post-conflict development initiative, the Agreement should be more accurately understood as a layered instrument of geopolitical positioning and geoeconomic restructuring.

The fight against climate disinformation has been recognised by the Ministry of Climate and Environment as one of the priorities of the Polish Presidency of the Council of the European Union. This topic will be discussed during the meeting of the EU Environment Council (ENVI), which will take place on April 28–29.

In our opinion, there is no doubt that the development of nuclear energy in Poland could constitute a significant breakthrough in terms of economic development and strengthening the national economy, as well as in Poland's climate policy.

The collapse of the ruling coalition in Norway not only changed the balance of power in parliament but also sparked a broad debate on the country's energy future and relations with the European Union.

As is tradition, in the fourth week of January, which fell precisely on the 20th day of the aforementioned month, the new, 47th President of the United States was sworn in at a ceremonial ceremony. Within the first hours of his term, politicians from the new US administration submitted numerous regulations to President Donald Trump that will de facto change the face of American energy policy for at least the next four years. One of the most important campaign slogans of the newly elected White House president was "drill baby drill," meaning to increase the production of liquid gold, which Trump includes in oil and gas.

In this context, there is great potential in Polish-French cooperation, which on one hand can strengthen the capabilities of both countries, and on the other, inject energy into European cooperation in the field of defence.

The results of the first round in Romania’s last week presidential elections shocked Europe after the unexpected rise of Călin Georgescu, a far-right candidate with a blatant anti-Western discourse that appeared suddenly in the national political landscape.

The Baltic Sea, as a strategic body of water, requires special attention in offshore infrastructure protection.

The European Commission estimates that 200,000 additional women will need to join the energy sector by 2050 to achieve basic gender balance, key to accelerating the clean energy transition.