Pulaski Commentaries

Remote and small island communities face unique energy and climate challenges stemming from their geographic isolation. Their reliance on imported fossil fuels leaves them vulnerable to price volatility and supply disruptions. Although their carbon footprint is minimal, these islands disproportionately experience the adverse effects of climate change. Increasingly, islands become testbeds for geopolitical rivalry and are compelled to adapt to situations when critical infrastructure is weaponised.

On June 24–25, 2025, a meeting of the North Atlantic Council at the level of heads of state and government was held in The Hague. The NATO summit was largely overshadowed by the United States’ military operation in Iran, and its agenda was relatively narrow. Despite concerns, however, a compromise on military spending was achieved, and the cohesion of the Alliance was maintained.

Nuclear energy has long been a pillar of Sweden’s energy mix, although its significance has been diminishing due to divergent policies towards nuclear energy. In recent years, the debates regarding nuclear energy have intensified as the Swedish government, led by the Tidöpartierna coalition, has undertaken a bold reversal of the earlier nuclear phase-out policy. This analysis synthesises the historical, political, scientific, and economic dimensions of Sweden’s evolving nuclear landscape while highlighting the diverse views of political parties and the broader implications for energy policy.

The incident involving the Falcon 9 rocket, whose fragments fell on Polish territory in February 2025, has become a symbol of the new challenges associated with the exploration of low Earth orbit. Although no one was harmed, the event highlighted that the rapid development of satellite technologies brings not only benefits but also significant risks. In a world where outer space is becoming a battleground for global economic and technological competition, Poland too must take a stance and actively participate in shaping new rules for its governance.

The Russian army’s attacks have severely damaged Ukraine’s energy infrastructure, leaving its citizens barely able to survive due to energy cuts and severely limited resources like running water.

Joe Biden has been doubling down on efforts to increase deterrence against China, including working hand in hand with US partners and allies. The USA has been progressing in all aspects of cooperation, from military drills to joint contingency planning.

The summit's communiqué emphasized the significant threats posed by Russia and China, underscoring NATO's focus on both Euro-Atlantic and Indo-Pacific security challenges in response to global geopolitical shifts.

The future of France’s political landscape remains uncertain. Macron's diminished mandate and rising extremism threaten stability. The coming years will be critical for both France and the EU.

The European Council decided who will take the helm of key EU institutions and which Europe’s priorities are to be developed. What do they mean beyond words?

NATO's 75th birthday celebration unfolds against the grim backdrop of Ukraine's ongoing suffering due to Russian shelling, with Kyiv facing a dwindling supply of defence weapons. This situation has prompted President Zelenskyy to issue his most dire warning yet: his country "will lose the war" if the US aid package is not approved.

The existence of the US-Philippine alliance may be regarded as a hitherto effective deterrent against any Chinese attack with direct military force on the Philippines. However, further enhanced cooperation not only with the US but also with Japan is key to warding off Chinese coercion.

This third and final unsuccessful attempt to form Sofia’s government means Bulgarian citizens will head back to the polls for the sixth time in three years.

Orwell was, of course, commenting on the USSR’s growing dictatorship in the 1940s. Orwell's commentary on the USSR's dictatorship in the 1940s remains relevant today in Russia, where Putin has crafted a similar narrative, with Ukraine as his “Snowball” scapegoat.

It is also a message from the Polish government to the American lawmakers that on the matter of national security, there is no place for partisan interests, and different branches of state power should speak in unity despite their political differences.

Macron’s drive for more European resolve and his creation of ambiguity in Europe’s willingness to militarily respond to Russia’s aggression come at a critical moment in the war.

Although Russia’s leader was not present at the Visegrad Four talks, support for his agenda was voiced by two of the four leaders present.

Space treaties are the primary sources of international space law but they exhibit a clear gap in addressing the military activities states currently carry out in the space domain.

China-Hungary Pact Expands Beijing’s EU Security Access Last week, China offered its public security support to Hungary during a rare meeting between Public Security Minister Wang Xiaohong and Prime Minister

Although the fall of Avdiivka should not be perceived as a turning point in the war, the future looks grim for the Ukrainian Armed Forces if the West fails to deliver the aid it had pledged.

As January 2024 was full of pessimism, February started with a glimpse of hope on the EU front.

The governments of France, Germany and Poland should initiate and endow the International Weimar Fund, which would financially facilitate projects in trilateral and larger formats. It should foster a more common approach to the EU's major challenges.

Whatever the margin is, there is never enough time to be fully prepared for a nightmare scenario.

One has to admit that blackmailing is not a new phenomenon in the EU negotiations. However, now it happens over one of the most critical decisions the EU is making, and it takes place from a member who is a close friend of Putin’s Russia, a country hostile to the EU.

While further negotiation talks on the aid to Ukraine will be continued next year, with a number of politicians assuring that the aid will reach Ukraine, such delays might prove difficult for the war-torn country.

It is now evermore imperative that the West redouble its efforts to support Ukraine, as the Ukrainian victory could just prevent the dreaded confrontation between Russia and the West.

As the three leaders of the EU jet off to Beijing, more questions appear about the sense of the EU-China summit.

With the war in Ukraine once again turning into a contest of attrition, Russia possesses a significant advantage. It is at this time that Ukraine has to marshal and husband its resources and look to the West for support in the hopes of being able to match Russia’s seemingly inexhaustible military-industrial capacity.

Even if geopolitical tensions are making it harder to be united, accelerating global warming will require parties to continue regular meetings and at least have minimal consultancy on climate issues.

The onset of winter is beginning to strain both sides of the war in Ukraine, bringing to the battlefield not only the dangers of conventional arms but also those of sickness, supply shortages and the cold itself.

Bratislava will no longer be in vanguard of the Western support for Ukraine and will join Budapest in trying to leverage further support of the EU with peace talks.

Both tone and the content will change. Poland will play a constructive role in the EU, though it won’t be an easy partner.

The latest polls and reports suggest that the American public opinion becomes more sceptical to the idea of the aid increase for Ukraine

There is no alternative to admitting Ukraine if NATO’s goal is to ensure the security of the Euro-Atlantic community. Leaving Ukraine exposed will only lead to further instability and Russian aggression.

As the Ukrainian offensive in the direction of Tokmak stalls Ukrainian forces are exploring other avenues of approach.

While the Ukrainian offensive on the southern front continues the tempo of the Ukrainian advance has slowed down.

The Russian presence in Africa worries the West because Niger could become another ally of Russia in Sahel.

Ukrainian forces are continuing their major offensive operation along the southern frontline in the hopes of achieving a breakthrough.

The liberation of Robotyne and the major Ukrainian assault towards Tokmak may be the big make or break of the Ukrainian offensive.

For now the world can only watch as the Kremlin plays its hand.

Time seems to be slowly running out for the Ukrainian offensive and there is trouble brewing in the east.

The situation on the frontlines of Ukraine is developing both with noticeable successes for the Ukrainian forces, as well as mounting pressure from the Russian forces in the northern section of the eastern front.

 Moscow’s “war of choice” killed the Italo-Russian “romance” as the true colour of a disgruntled, terror state has tested the government and public. Still, local duginists are looking for a renewed occult influence to hijack the foreign policy and strategic security.